Abstract
Tick borne pathogens present a significant health challenge to animals and human because a single tick may transmit multiple pathogens to a mammalian host during feeding. The present study detected tick-borne pathogens from pet dogs. A total of 666 ticks were collected from 144 pet and sheltered dogs in Egypt from April to September 2018. For hemolymph, midgut and salivary gland smears 546 ticks were used as well as 360 egg smears from 120 female tick were examined by light microscope. The infected ticks were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. Ticks were identified; Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Light microscopy showed infection rates of 44.69, 68.50 and 15.75%, in hemolymph, midgut and salivary gland, respectively. Hepatozoon canis recorded the highest rates in hemolymph and midgut (49.82 and 35.89%, respectively), but Theileria spp. was the lowest (0.73 and 2.93%, respectively). In salivary gland smears, Babesia canis was detected in 13.55% and Theileria spp. in 1.83%. Mixed infection in same tick was recorded in 4.76 and 0.37% in midgut and salivary gland smears, respectively. Babesia canis stages were recovered from 15% of egg smears. R. sanguineus was naturally infected by Babesia, Theileria, Hepatozoon and Anaplasma phagocytophilum as well as mixed infections of protozoa accompanied by a complicated sign of diseases and failure in accurate diagnosis.
Keywords: Anaplasma, Babesia, Hepatozoon, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Theileria, TEM.

Abstract
This study assessed the therapeutic effects of chloroquine on diabetes and its renal, cardiac and hepatic complications. A single intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) injection in an animal model was used for this study. Blood glucose level, body weight, markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, protein carbonyl, nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase were evaluated. Histopathology of various organs was done to evaluate structural changes. Immunohistochemical changes using CTnI, Kim-1, PPAR? and Nrf2 were also performed. It was shown that chloroquine administration significantly improved blood glucose levels and body weight. Structural changes such as necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and congestion induced by STZ injection were ameliorated with chloroquine treatment. Untreated diabetic animals showed marked increase in levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers such as MDA, H2O2, NO, MPO, and depletion in both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense system, upregulation of Kim1, CTnI, downregulation of PPAR? and Nrf2. Treatment with chloroquine ameliorated renal and cardiac injury coupled with increased expressions of Kim-1 and CTnI. It can therefore be postulated that chloroquine exhibited antidiabetic property through upregulation of PPAR?. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties were confirmed through the upregulation of Nrf2 and improved antioxidant status.
Keywords: Drug repurposing; Chloroquine; Oxidative damage; Diabetes and complications.

Abstract
Present study investigates the influence of roasting and pulping by goats on the quality of argan oil (Argania spinosa L.). To carry out this work, 4 different samples selected by their method of extraction (by mechanical pressing from argan fruits pulped by goats). The study of the physicochemical characteristics of the 4 samples shows that the roasting of the almonds of the argan fruit and the pulping by the goat appear as a parameter can increase the value of the peroxide index and the acidity. It’s also found that pulping by goats can decrease the value of fatty acids (linoleic C18: 2) and the percentage of triglycerides (LLL, LOO and OOO) in argan oil. The result of sterols clearly shows that roasting is reduced the total sterols. The study of the concentration of benzo-?-pyrene suggests that roasting does not produce significant amounts of benzo-?-pyrene. Also, present findings show that roasting and pulping by goats appears as a parameter influencing the acid value of argan oil. In fact, the acidity value is higher in the argan oil samples prepared from roasted almonds and pulped by goats. Finally, the present study indicated that the high quality of argan oil can be extracted by mechanical pressing and which is not pulped by goats and, therefore, current results may support the marketing of the oil argan.
Keywords: Argan oil, Physicochemical analysis, Method of extraction, Roasting, Pulping, Goats.

Abstract
Echocardiographic measurements of the dog’s heart are known to be breed-specific. The establishment of normal echocardiographic measurements for each breed of dog increases the accuracy of echocardiographic examination. The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine the value of normal echocardiographic measurements of local dogs from Malaysia. A total of 20 clinically healthy client-owned pet dogs were recruited, in accordance to the pre-determined inclusion criteria of the study. Two dimensional and M-mode echocardiograms image of both long and short axis of the left ventricle were obtained in accordance to recommendation by the American Society of Echocardiography. From this study, the reference echocardiographic measurements of local dogs in Malaysia were established. The measurements of intra-cardiac dimensions, wall thickness, and contractility varied from the Indonesian mongrel dogs, as well as the general population of dogs that have the same average body weight. There is no association between echocardiographic measurements with gender and bodyweight of local dogs in Malaysia.
Keywords: Malaysia, Local dogs, Breed specific, Echocardiography, Reference measurements, Heart

Abstract
Domiati cheese is the most popular brand of cheese ripened in brine in the Middle East in terms of consumed quantities. This study was performed to investigate the impact of the microbiological quality of the used raw materials, the applied traditional processing techniques and ripening period on the quality and safety of the produced cheese. Three hundred random composite samples were collected from three factories at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Collected samples represent twenty-five each of: raw milk, table salt, calf rennet, microbial rennet, water, environmental air, whey, fresh cheese, ripened cheese and swabs from: worker hands; cheese molds and utensils; tanks. All samples were examined microbiologically for Standard Plate Count (SPC), coliforms count, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) count, total yeast and mould count, presence of E. coli, Salmonellae and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The mean value of SPC, coliforms, S. aureus and total yeast and mould counts ranged from (79×102 CFU/m3 for air to 13×108 CFU/g for fresh cheese), (7×102 MPN/cm2 for tank swabs to 80×106 MPN/ml for raw milk), (9×102 CFU/g for salt to 69×106 CFU/g for fresh cheese) and (2×102 CFU/cm2 for hand swabs to 60×104 CFU/g for fresh cheese), respectively. Whereas, E. coli, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes failed to be detected in all examined samples. There were significant differences in all determined microbiological parameters (P?0.05) between fresh and ripened cheese which may be attributed to different adverse conditions such as water activity, pH, salt content and temperature carried out to improve the quality of the product.
Keywords: Domiati cheese, Ripening period, Raw materials, Processing techniques

Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate and compare the effect of hyperthyroidism either alone or in combination with melatonin on some blood biochemical parameters and DNA integrity in liver and kidney of male rats. For this purpose, 75 mature male rats weighing 120-140g were randomly divided into five groups (control, hyperthyroid, hyperthyroid plus 1, 5 or 10mg/kg bwt of melatonin, respectively). Hyperthyroidism was experimentally induced by daily I/P injection of L-thyroxine (0.2mg/kg bwt). The melatonin treated groups were injected with the same dose of L-thyroxine followed by I/P injection of melatonin (1, 5 or 10 mg/kg, respectively). The study was carried out for 21 days. The last blood and tissue samples were collected one day after the end of the last injection (on 22nd day). The results revealed that hyperthyroidism significantly increased the levels of urea and the activities of GOT, GPT, ALP as well as the percentage of DNA fragmentation in the liver and kidney. At the same time hyperthyroidism induced a significant decrease in level of creatinine. Treatment with the 3 doses of melatonin completely ameliorated the hyperthyroidism-induced increase in GPT and ALP, while 5 and 10mg could completely counteract the hyperthyroidism- induced increase in urea and only the 10 mg melatonin could ameliorate the hyperthyroidism-induced increase in GOT activity. It is concluded that melatonin can ameliorate the hyperthyroidism-induced disturbance in blood biochemical parameters and DNA fragmentation.
Keywords: Melatonin, L-thyroxine, Biochemical parameters, DNA, Rats.

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of controlled internal drug release (CIDR) in Gurcu goats for estrus synchronization on paraoxonase activity (PON1), total sialic acid (TSA) concentration and lipid profile. In the study, 50 Gurcu goats were examined. On day 9, 400IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and 5mg dinoprost tromethamine were injected. On day 11, CIDR was removed. Following estrus detection, goats on estrus mated with fertility proven Gurcu bucks (mating day). Biochemical analyses were conducted with samples taken on day 0, day 11 and mating day. An increase in TSA concentration and a decrease in PON1 activity was detected according to synchronization days (day 0, day 11 and mating day). A decrease was found in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein concentrations. On day 11, an increase in TSA concentration and a decrease in PON1 activity was detected compared to control group. According to synchronization days (day 0, day 11, mating day), it was determined that TSA concentration increased in pregnant and non-pregnant goats (P=0.007 and P=0.013, respectively) and PON1 activity decreased (P=0.004). A negative correlation was determined between PON1 and TC (r=-401, P<0.05). In conclusion, CIDR treatment caused changes in PON1 activity, TSA concentration and lipid profile, on the other hand, did not negatively affect fertility. Keywords: CIDR, Gurcu goats, Lipid profile, Paraoxonase activities, Total sialic acid.

Abstract
Present study aims at the evaluation of the efficacy of Tylvamyco® as a new macrolides generation in control of avian mycoplasmosis in broilers chickens with special attention to its immunomodulatory effects. A total of 500 a-day-old broiler Ross 308 chicks were equally subdivided into two treatments of 250 birds in each. The Tylvamyco® treated group, and the control non treated group were kept in a separate house. Blood samples and tracheal tissues collected at one day old and also each week till the end of the trials for isolation M. gallisepticum and also measuring the immune status of the experimental chicks. M. gallisepticum occurrence rate in broilers chickens was 12% which confirmed by PCR. The minimal inhibitory concentration values Tylvamyco® against recovered 12 M. gallisepticum isolates standard strain showed that the Tylvamyco® has MIC90 value of 0.008. In the Tylvamyco® treated group the immune status profiles record that there are marked increase in the immunological parameters by age as; HI test results for Mycoplasma, NDV, AI, INF-? conc., IL-6 conc., phagocytic cell count, nitric oxide conc. and lysozyme conc. at 1, 15 and 30 day old, respectively. The molecular analysis of CXCL8 gene as an indicator for inflammation reduction potency in In the Tylvamyco® treated group by using real-time PCR showed that the cycle threshold of CXCL8 gene reduced by age from 13.6 to 10.7 at 15 and 30 day old with fold change 0.57 and 1.4, respectively. Performance parameter in Tylvamyco® treated group was 3.22kg/bird with mean weight gain 2.33kg/bird and FCR 1.4. The mortality rate was 5%. We concluded that Tylvamyco® acts as a potent immunomodulatory medicine in broilers.
Keywords: Tylvamyco, Mycoplasmas, Immunomodulation, Broiler chickens.

Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 is one of the mycotoxin derivatives, which is secreted in milk of dairy cattle fed on feed contaminated with Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). The current study was designed to prepare a vaccine against AFB1and to evaluate its efficacy in reducing or preventing secretion of AFM1 in milk. Aflatoxin-B1 was prepared, purified and transformed into oxime, then it was fixed on bovine serum albumins. The AFB1-BSA conjugate was adjuvanted with Gold Nano particles then Montanide ISA 206. The prepared vaccine was used for immunization of rabbits by S/c routes as 100 µg/dose and dairy cattle by I/M routes as 500µg/dose. The vaccinated animals were boosted at 3 weeks post primary immunization. Serum samples were collected and examined for the anti-AFB1 using AGPT. A mean titer of 15.2 AGPU/ml was detected at 2 weeks post primary vaccination then significantly increased till reached to 76.8AGPU/ml at 6 weeks post Booster vaccination. All vaccinated rabbits were challenged with dose of 0.3mg AFB1 toxin/kg. The vaccinated rabbit showed 100% protection and no AFB1 toxin residue was detected in their livers. Milk samples were collected from non-vaccinated and AFB1-immunized dairy cattle then examined with ELISA for quantitation of AFM1 residues before and after vaccination. The results showed that the prepared AFB1 vaccine was safe, potent and able to reduce AFM1 release in milk of vaccinated heifers by 70%. So the vaccination of lactating animals with the AFB1vaccine might represent a valid tool for the prevention of AFM1 contamination of milk and dairy products.
Keywords: Aflatoxin-B1, Aflatoxin-M1, Aflatoxin vaccine.

Abstract
Dairy production in Kenya is one of the most developed in sub Saharan Africa. Despite this, it is still faced by challenges attributed to poor nutrition, inappropriate breeding practices, reproductive inefficiency, reproductive diseases among others. A study to establish the infertility rates in selected dairy herds was conducted in three Counties of Kenya from October 2017 to July 2018. A total of 216 herds were purposively sampled from Nandi, Makueni and Kakamega Counties. Data on reproductive performance was collected and pregnancy and ovarian status determined by per-rectal examination. Other reproductive indices such as calving interval, repeated inseminations were calculated from the records. Blood samples were also collected to screen for Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) and Neospora caninum antibodies. Overall, the percentage of pregnant animals across the examined herds was 30.5% (n=642). Reproductive indices were suboptimal with 2.1 inseminations per conception and a calving interval of 18.8 months; an indication of infertility. About half of the population of animals were anestrus (46.4%). The sero-prevalence of neosporosis was 24.1% (n=552) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 52.3% (n=545) across all the counties. Additionally, there was no significant association between BVD infection (P=0.575) and neosporosis (P=0.626) on pregnancy status. The findings of this study strongly indicate reproductive wastage in the dairy herds which in turn affects the overall productivity of farms. There is therefore a need for a holistic approach to address infertility as a way of improving dairy farm productivity and profitability.
Keywords: Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Pregnancy, Dairy cattle, Infertility, Neospora caninum, Infertility.

Abstract
The article considers the problem of the quality and falsification of semi-finished meat products in the Russian Federation. Samples of artificially falsified minced meat controlled by intact ground beef used as material for analysis. Shredded liver, kidneys, lungs, udder, diaphragm are introduced into the test samples. The tests were carried out by the histological method, according to GOST 19496-2013. By using histological analysis of minced striated muscles obtained images showed striation characteristic of skeletal musculature. In the cytoplasm of individual myocytes, we found that amount of Sarcocystis was relatively high. Comparative analysis mincemeat with minced skeletal and diaphragmatic muscles revealed that it was hard to detect as falsification. However, it’s possible given some morphological differences between skeletal and diaphragmatic muscle fibers. In the process of microscopy of minced meat samples, without falsified by-products, inclusions of the corresponding tissues are easily visualized. As a result, we can conclude that histological analysis is a reasonably reliable way to determine the composition of chopped meat products. Unfortunately, the current standard is the mandatory histological identification of semi-finished products only if there is a disagreement on the structure of the raw material. That is, the problem of falsification lies not only in the dishonesty of producers but also in the presence of regulatory requirements governing the requirements for meat and meat products.
Keywords: Convenience foods, Edible co-products, Meat quality, Myocytes, Sarcocystis, Microscopy.

Abstract
A novel coronavirus first broke out in Wuhan, China in December, 2019 has been declared a pandemic by WHO on March, 2020. This work aimed to search for probable ancestor of the virus, phylogeny of 2019-nCoVs and similar SL-CoVs based on the whole genome, M, N, ORF1ab, orf3a, and S gene sequences (n=84) obtained from GenBank using BLASTn software in the NCBI was done. Nucleotides of ORF3a and S-genes among 2019-nCoVs are identical, whereas its similar on the whole genome (99.9-100%), M-gene (99.7-100%), N-gene (99.9-100%) and ORF1ab-gene (99.7-100%). nCoVs are similar to bat CoV/RaTG13 on the whole genome (96.2%), M-gene (95.0%), N-gene (97%), ORF1ab-gene (95.3%), ORF3a-gene (99.1%) and S-gene (90.7%). Likewise, nCoVs exhibited homology to bat-CoVZXC21 on M-gene (93.2%), N-gene (91.5%), ORF1ab-gene (93.1%) and ORF3a-gene (94.4%). The emergent viruses shared identity to bat-CoVZC45 on N-gene (91.3%), ORF1ab-gene (92.8%) and ORF3a-gene (94.0%). In addition, pangolin-CoV/MP789 exhibited common sequences on M-gene (91.0%), N-gene (96.3%) and ORF3a-gene (93.3%) to nCoV. Furthermore, pangolin-CoV/MP789 is analogous to bat CoV/RaTG13 (91.3%) and bat-SL-CoVZXC21 (92.2%) on M-gene and to bat CoV/RaTG13 (94.8%) on N-gene. Nevertheless, nCoVs are distinct from the previously identified SL-CoVs of human origin. The present analysis indicates that nCoVs may have transmitted from bats, pangolin and/or unidentified hosts.
Keywords: Phylogeny, 2019-nCoV, SL-CoVs, Bats, Pangolin, Human.

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of season and age on semen quality (individual motility, mass motility, concentration, volume, pre-freeze motility, and post-thaw motility) of Limousin Bull under the tropical condition in Indonesian artificial insemination center. This study used a large data set recorded over eight years (2011 until 2018) of production period (n = 6758 ejaculates, n = 19 bulls) retrieved from Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center. Rainfall and other climatic data were collected from Malang Meteorological, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency, Indonesia. Seasonal effect was grouped into three groups, i.e. rainy season (total rainfall per month >200mm), humid season (total rainfall per month = 100-200 mm), and dry season (total rainfall per month <100). Bull age is grouped into seven groups (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8). Data were analyzed using Mixed Model procedure classifying effect of season and age on fixed effect and bull as a random effect. Season had a highly significant effect on individual motility, pre-freeze motility, and post-thaw motility (P<0.001), and did not have a significant effect on concentration, volume, pH, and mass motility. Individual motility, pre-freeze motility, and post-thaw motility were highest in the rainy season and declined in the dry season. Bull age had a highly significant effect on individual motility, concentration, volume, pre-freeze motility, and post-thaw motility (P<0,001). Bull age did not have a significant effect on mass motility and pH. Two- and three-years old bulls have superior individual motility and concentration. However, it is decreasing at age three until eight years old. The lowest volume was at age two and increased gradually until age eight. Meanwhile, pre-freeze motility and post-thaw motility increased at two to five years old and then declined until eight years old. Keywords: Season, Age, Semen quality, Limousin.

Abstract
A novel coronavirus first broke out in Wuhan, China in December, 2019 has been declared a pandemic by WHO on March, 2020. This work aimed to search for probable ancestor of the virus, phylogeny of 2019-nCoVs and similar SL-CoVs based on the whole genome, M, N, ORF1ab, orf3a, and S gene sequences (n=84) obtained from GenBank using BLASTn software in the NCBI was done. Nucleotides of ORF3a and S-genes among 2019-nCoVs are identical, whereas its similar on the whole genome (99.9-100%), M-gene (99.7-100%), N-gene (99.9-100%) and ORF1ab-gene (99.7-100%). nCoVs are similar to bat CoV/RaTG13 on the whole genome (96.2%), M-gene (95.0%), N-gene (97%), ORF1ab-gene (95.3%), ORF3a-gene (99.1%) and S-gene (90.7%). Likewise, nCoVs exhibited homology to bat-CoVZXC21 on M-gene (93.2%), N-gene (91.5%), ORF1ab-gene (93.1%) and ORF3a-gene (94.4%). The emergent viruses shared identity to bat-CoVZC45 on N-gene (91.3%), ORF1ab-gene (92.8%) and ORF3a-gene (94.0%). In addition, pangolin-CoV/MP789 exhibited common sequences on M-gene (91.0%), N-gene (96.3%) and ORF3a-gene (93.3%) to nCoV. Furthermore, pangolin-CoV/MP789 is analogous to bat CoV/RaTG13 (91.3%) and bat-SL-CoVZXC21 (92.2%) on M-gene and to bat CoV/RaTG13 (94.8%) on N-gene. Nevertheless, nCoVs are distinct from the previously identified SL-CoVs of human origin. The present analysis indicates that nCoVs may have transmitted from bats, pangolin and/or unidentified hosts.
Keywords: Phylogeny, 2019-nCoV, SL-CoVs, Bats, Pangolin, Human.

Abstract
Infant’s feeding patterns are important for development and growth; therefore babies are very sensitive to toxic elements, mainly through their food, so in the present study, the concentrations and daily intake of some Toxic Elements (TEs); Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) and Aluminum (Al) were measured in different and random 60 dried infant foods {30 infant formula (0-6 months) and 30 milk-cereal based infant formula (6 months)} which obtained from various supermarkets and pharmacies. The analysis was done using Inductive Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). It could be determined the lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and aluminum by mean values of 0.424±0.006, 0.205±0.003, 0.014±0.0001, 0.298±0.007 and 0.464±0.029 mg/kg in the examined infant milk formula samples and a ranged minimum to maximum concentrations of 0.114-0.177, 0.155-0.293, 0.014-0.015, 0.282-0.310 and 0.287-0.437mg/kg, respectively in the examined milk-cereal based infant formula. Present study indicates that, the greater level of contamination of examined infant formula samples with toxic elements (lead and mercury) surpasses the maximum limit and Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) of these elements. Mercury is over PTDI (0.0005 mg/kg bwt/day) in all milk-cereal based infant formula samples, also arsenic in all examined samples of this type of formula was exceed the maximum limit (0.05 mg/kg) of Indian standard. This investigation shows such types of infant formula need more amendment to set limit of more toxic metals for this sensitive group of population.
Keywords: Infant formula; Toxic elements; Milk-cereal based infant formula; Spectrometer.

Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the quality of some RTE (ready to eat) chicken meat products collected from different poultry meat processing plants in Menofia and Gharbia Governorate. A total of 60 commercially produced RTE poultry products such as chicken ham, chicken shawarma, chicken with herps, smoked turkey and turkey smoked lobes (12 each) were collected from supermarkets and examined for sensory, deterioration criteria and bacteriological quality. The results revealed that the sensory panel scores of all examined RTE poultry meat products samples were generally low especially in chicken with herps, chicken ham and smoked turkey RTE poultry meat products. Moreover, pH values of most of the examined samples were relatively alkaline whereas the lowest value was recorded in smoked turkey samples and highest value was observed in chicken with herps samples. In addition, higher thiobarbituric acid (smoked turkey) and slightly increases of total volatile basic nitrogen values (chicken with herps) were recorded in most of the examined samples. All investigated bacterial counts were significantly high in all examined RTE poultry meat products samples. Staph. aureus was isolated from chicken ham and E. coli strains were isolated from chicken shawarma, smoked turkey and turkey smoked lobes. However, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella strains failed to be isolated from all the examined samples. It could be concluded that all the examined RTE poultry meat products were deteriorated in terms of sensory, chemically and bacteriologically and exceeded the limit described by E.S. (3493/2005) for cooked poultry meat products. In addition, these samples were probably produced and prepared under bad hygienic measures which could be responsible for lowering their quality and reduce shelf life.
Keywords: RTE; Sensory, Deterioration criteria, Bacteriological examination.

Abstract
Chicken meat are being widely consumed as they contain high protein and a healthier unsaturated fat type. Chicken burger represent a consumer palatable chicken product. Both chicken and its products are liable to different types of contamination during their preparation and processing. Contamination by Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxins poses a major public health hazard to chicken meat consumes. During this study 100 different samples of chicken fillet, deboned thigh, wing, mechanically deboned meat (MDM) and chicken burger (20 each) were collected from market and investigated for their S. aureus count and ability of the isolated strains to produce enterotoxins using conventional plating and isolation technique as well as using SET-RPLA toxin detection kit. Results revealed that mean values of S. aureus count in all samples exceeded the permissible limits and hence being unacceptable. MDM isolated exhibited staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) production of three different types SEA, SEC and SED. Meanwhile chicken burger S. aureus isolates produced only SEA and SEC enterotoxins. While isolated S. aureus from chicken fillet and deboned thigh didn’t exhibit any enterotoxin production activity. It’s recommended to follow the hygienic practices during different processing stages to avoid the risk of S. aureus and its enterotoxins.
Keywords: Chicken, Staph, MDM, Enterotoxin, Burger, SEA, SEC, SEC.

Abstract
Ehrlichia canis is a tick-borne rickettsia. It can cause canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). Infected dogs are often reported to have changes in their blood values, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzymes, and increased kidney function values. This study aimed to collect data that may be related to infected dogs, including age, gender, breed, weight, close-open housing system, the use of ectoparasiticide products. The sample comprised 57 infected dogs. Collecting hematology and serum biochemistry changes in comparison with the reference values of dogs detected with Ehrlichia canis from 2017-2019, Thonburi District, Bangkok, Thailand was also carried out. In summary, dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis mostly included mixed-breed dogs aged between 1 and 10 years. There were no differences in body weight or housing systems. Dogs that had never used ectoparasiticide products or used them intermittently were infected more often (by 7.14 times) than protected. Clinical hematology and serum biochemistry found anemia, thrombocytopenia, and increased liver enzymes.
Keywords: Ehrlichia canis, Dogs, Clinical hematology, Serum biochemistry.